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目的通过Meta分析探究运动对腰椎健康的影响,进而为不同人群提供科学运动建议。方法 检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed、Ebsco数据库中不同运动方式对于腰椎健康的随机对照实验研究(RCT),检索日期均限定为自建库至2025年4月。经筛选最终纳入43篇文献、3 026例受试者,运用Review Manager 5.4和Stata 18软件进行分析。结果 运动疗法在缓解疼痛(SMD=-0.80,95%CI(-1.00,-0.61))、改善腰椎功能障碍(SMD=-1.27,95%CI(-1.63,-0.90))方面均显著优于对照组。亚组分析表明,在选择运动方式时,核心稳定性训练对疼痛缓解的效果更佳,通过每次干预20 min,每周1～2次并连续锻炼16周以上是较为理想的运动方案;传统养生功法对功能障碍的疗效更佳,每次干预20～40 min,每周锻炼4次以上,持续锻炼8～15周干预时长实用性最强。结论 运动干预可以显著改善腰椎患者疼痛程度和功能障碍,推荐将核心稳定性练习和各类传统养生功法作为主要练习手段。缓解疼痛的理想运动方案为每次干预20 min,每周1～2次,连续锻炼16周以上。改善功能障碍的理想运动方案为每次干预20～40 min,每周锻炼4次以上,持续锻炼8～15周实用性最强。现有研究暂未得出干预腰椎病症的精准剂量,未来应收集更多高质量、多病种的临床研究和证据,深入探索不同腰椎疾病的最佳干预方案。
Abstract：Objective To explore the effects of exercise on lumbar spine health through a meta-analysis,and thereby provide scientific exercise suggestions for different populations.Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the effects of different exercise modalities on lumbar spine health were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,Web of Science,PubMed,and EBSCO. The search period covered database inception to April 2025. After screening,43 studies involving 3 026 participants were included. Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 18 were used for the analysis. Results Exercise therapy was significantly superior to the control group in relieving pain(SMD =-0. 80,95% CI:-1. 00 to-0. 61) and improving lumbar dysfunction(SMD =-1. 27,95% CI:-1. 63 to-0. 90). Subgroup analysis showed that,among the exercise modalities,core stability training had a better effect on pain relief,and an exercise program of 20 min per session,1-2 sessions per week,continued for more than 16 weeks was relatively ideal. Traditional health-preserving exercises showed better efficacy in improving dysfunction,with 20-40 min per session,more than 4 sessions per week,and a duration of 8-15 weeks being the most practical intervention program. Conclusion Exercise intervention can significantly improve pain and dysfunction in patients with lumbar spine disease. Core stability exercises and various traditional health-preserving exercises are recommended as the main exercise modalities.The ideal exercise program for pain relief is 20 minutes per session,1-2 sessions per week,continued for more than 16 weeks. The ideal exercise plan to improve dysfunction is20-40 min per session,more than 4 sessions per week,with 8-15 weeks being the most practical duration. Existing studies have not yet identified a precise dose for exercise intervention in lumbar spine disease. In the future,more high-quality clinical studies involving multiple lumbar conditions should be collected to further explore the optimal intervention programs for different lumbar spine disease.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2026.04.005
中图分类号:G804.2;R681.5
引用信息:
[1]李梓阳,王舜,包子涵,等.运动矫治成年腰椎疾病患者疼痛与功能的Meta分析[J].江汉大学学报(自然科学版)().DOI:10.16389/j.cnki.cn42-1737/n.2026.04.005.
基金信息:
安徽省教育厅科学研究重大项目(2023AH040049)
2026-07-03
2026-07-03
2026-07-03