江汉大学学报（自然科学版）

藜蒿营养丰富，但可食用部分仅为鲜嫩的幼茎，废弃的藜蒿叶茎容易腐烂变质，造成环境污染，同时也不利于经济的循环发展。采用水蒸气蒸馏法对藜蒿废叶茎挥发油进行提取，通过单因素试验，以藜蒿挥发油提取率为指标，结合Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法优化得到藜蒿挥发油的最佳提取工艺为：提取时间5.5 h、料液比1∶18、氯化钠浓度20%，提取率最高可达到0.49%。采用GC-MS分析藜蒿挥发油的主要成分，其中有烯烃、酚类、脂肪酸类、醇类、酮类、酯类等复杂化合物，通过抑菌实验发现藜蒿挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、酿酒酵母具有抑菌作用。抗氧化实验结果表明，藜蒿挥发油对DPPH自由基的清除率为（85.84±0.52）%，清除能力为（148.43±1.29）μmol Trolox/100 g挥发油；对ABTS自由基的清除率为（16.34±0.43）%，清除能力为（99.48±6.69）μmol Trolox/100 g挥发油，具有抗氧化活性。

Artemisia selengensis is rich in nutrients,but only its fresh and tender young stems are edible.The discarded leaves and stems are prone to decay and deterioration,causing environmental pollution and hindering the development of a circular economy.In this study,essential oil was extracted from waste leaves and stems of A.selengensis by steam distillation.Based on single-factor experiments, the extraction yield of A.selengensis essential oil was used as evaluation index.Combined with Box-Behnken design(BBD)and response surface methodology(RSM), the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:extraction time of 5.5 h,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶18,and sodium chloride concentration of 20%,under which the maximum extraction yield reached 0.49%.The main components of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results indicated that the essential oil contained various compounds, including olefins, phenols, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, and esters.Antibacterial assays showed that the essential oil exhibited inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The antioxidant results showed that the DPPH radical scavenging rate of the essential oil was(85.84 ±0.52)%,with a scavenging capacity of(148.43 ± 1.29)μmol Trolox/100 g essential oil,while the ABTS radical scavenging rate was(16.34 ± 0.43)%,with a scavenging capacity of(99.48 ± 6.69)μmol Trolox/100 g essential oil,indicating that the essential oil possessed antioxidant activity.